Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices the studies of ultracold atoms constitute one of the hottest areas of atomic, molecular, and optical amo physics and quantum optics. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. Cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices sciencedirect. With the lasers tuned below atomic resonance the atoms are cooled, and optical dipole forces trap the atoms at these sites. Mekhov clarendon laboratory, department of physics, university of oxford, parks road, oxford ox1 3pu, united kingdom. Ponomarev kirensky institute of physics, 660036 krasnoyarsk, russia h. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in.
Periodic optical potential combined with an external potential the many body hamiltonian. Particles can be released from the trapping potential and their density distribution imaged after a suitable timeofflight period. Expanding on previous observations, we show how these modulations depend on well depth, and we derive spin temperatures for the system. Nippon telegraph and telephone has proposed a method for generating a largescale entangled quantum state of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with high fidelity and short operation time. Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in twodimensional. Being able to measure these correlations is an important ingredient in studying quantum magnetism in optical lattices.
Bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice at very low temperatures, can be mo deled by the bosehubbard model. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum. Osa magnetic behavior of atoms in gray optical lattices. Optical lattices consist of arrays of atoms bound by light. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices m.
Controlling and detecting spin correlations of ultracold atoms in. Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an optical lattice 10 april 20 nara the 11th usjapan seminar y. Lukin 2 1 institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all. Optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, which creates e ective potential that traps ultracold atoms. Furthermore, decoherence times in optical lattices are large compared to. Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices are studied. Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical. Besides trapping cold atoms, optical lattices have been widely used in creating gratings and photonic crystals. Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in well controllable atomic systems. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott insulator phase corresponds to.
Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices by yanghao chan a dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy physics in the university of michigan 20 doctoral committee. Damped bloch oscillations of cold atoms in optical lattices. Optical lattices, first developed together with laser cooling, are now a common and im. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms. Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Optical lattices have been widely used in atomic physics as a way to cool, trap and control atoms. Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices.
Cooper theory of condensed matter group, cavendish laboratory, j. Optical lattices contents introduction les houches predoc school on. Marko znidari c may 25, 2010 abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented. In general, two detection methods are used to reveal the quantum phases of ultracold gases in optical lattices. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by david chen dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2015 urbana, illinois doctoral committee. Dynamic optical lattices of subwavelength spacing for ultracold. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. For these two classes of optical potential, the bloch oscillations were found to be qualitatively the same in the case of a weak static.
Veselago lensing with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Ultracold atoms on optical lattices welcome to the ideals repository. Atoms are confined via a hopping integral that decreases as a function of the distance from the center of the lattice. Optical lattices have allowed experiments on ultracold atomic gases to investigate a large range of lattice models of quantum manybody physics. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of ultracold atoms santiago f. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bose hubbard model where the system parameters are. Diener,3,1 iacopo carusotto,4,5 and qian niu1 1department of physics, the university of texas, austin, texas 787121081, usa 2center for nonlinear dynamics, the university of texas, austin, texas 787121081, usa 3department of physics, the ohio state university, columbus, ohio. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical.
The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms in 2d optical lattices artem m. Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. Relativistic simulations with cold atoms 2d and 3d refocusing of atomic wavepackets imaging of e. This is precisely what is done in optical lattices, where the band structure of the periodic potential plays the key role. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in.
Dynamics of a boseeinstein condensate in an optical lattice. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices precision measurements quantum information qubit quantum simulation lowdim systems 2d 1d. The cases of separable and nonseparable potentials are compared by simulating the wavepacket dynamics. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical lattices julen iba. We propose and study various realizations of a hofstadterhubbard model on a cylinder geometry with fermionic cold atoms in optical lattices. Thomson avenue, cambridge cb3 0he, united kingdom received 12 january 2011. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold.
Takahashi ultimate quantum systems of light and matter control and applications. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Some features of this site may not work without it. Einstein condensate in one dimensional optical lattice is considered both. Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a. Pdf ultracold atoms in optical lattices pedro duarte. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. The magnetization and lifetimes of atoms in gray optical lattices exhibit modulations as functions of an applied b field that are attributed to tunneling resonances between neighboring lattice wells. Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices by rui zhang a dissertation submitted in partial ful. In the recent years ultracold atoms in optical lattices have become a unique meeting ground for simulating solid state ma. The hubbard model for atoms optical dipole potential cold bosonic atoms in a tightbinding periodic potential the second quantized hamiltonian single atom in a lattice bloch band of a homogeneous lattice tilted lattice. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical.
This method might lead to lower temperatures than existing diagonal confinement methods. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a hubbardregime optical lattice. Quantum hall physics with cold atoms in cylindrical optical lattices. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical. Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. Quantum simulation with atoms in optical lattices atoms in optical lattices electrons in a solid. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices. Temperature and localization of atoms in threedimensional. Optical lattices are very versatile, easily altered by changing the laser setup and the control over the quantum state of the atoms by quantum optical techniques is unprecedented. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to. Boseeinstein condensation, optical lattices, atomic applications and the details of the wellknown bose hubbard bh hamiltonian and its phase diagram. Controlling and detecting spin correlations of ultracold. A dissipative optical lattice is achieved when a light field provides both velocity damping and spatial periodicity of the atomic density. Alternatively, one can image the intrap density distribution of atoms.
These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. The key feature of these systems are the complete control of the manybody systems, combined with a microscopic understanding of the underlying dynamics. We introduce the geometric properties of optical lattices using a. In this paper, we prop ose a slav eboson approach for dealing with the bose. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2physics department, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa received 25 october 2002. Strongly correlated ultracold bosonic atoms in optical. Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Diffraction of an atomic sodium beam by a stationary standing wave. Relation to atomic parameters we now establish the relation between the model in eq. In the thesis, the center of mass dynamics of cold atoms and the bose. They officially came to the world in 19911992, when two groups observed signals originating from atoms spatially ordered in a standing wave. They are also useful for sorting microscopic particles, and may be useful for assembling cell arrays. Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry.
First, we explore a recently developed new confining method for cold atoms on optical lattices. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. Quantum physics with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic dynamics require a quantum description. Combining quantum degenerate atomic gases and optical lattices allows. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum manybody problems. Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical lattices 5 2. Quantum gate arrays with neutral atoms in optical lattices by using ultracold atoms in a mott insulating ph ase of an optical lattice we have been able to initialize a large register of quantum. Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in optical lattices xibo zhang, chenlung hung, shihkuang tung, cheng chin quantum criticality emerges when a.
Damped bloch oscillations of cold atoms in optical lattices a. A bandstructurebased model and quantum monte carlo wave. In those experiments, light has two effects, firstly to attract the atoms around points located on a periodic lattice having a spatial period on the order of the optical. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. This chapter provides a brief history and introduction to the. Vexandvgx are external trapping potentials for the atom in the excited and the. Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices sarah alassam, balliol college, oxford d. Atoms trapped in optical lattices can be used to mimic the behavior of conduction electrons in solid state crystals. The lattice experiment a theoreticians view of n produce a boseeinstein condensate of atoms in a magnetic trap n load the condensate into an optical standingwave lattice created by counterpropagating laser beams n in a 3d lattice one ends up with few atoms per lattice site in a 1d lattice one can have thousands of atoms n probe different physical regimes by varying lattice depth and inter. They have been rewarded with the 1997 nobel prize in physics for.
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